The modern state The Eighteenth Family 165 - King Tutankhamun Tutankhamun was one of the eighteenth Egyptian pharaohs in Egypt's ancient history from 1334 to 1325 BC. In the era of the modern state. Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaohs for reasons not related to the accomplishments achieved or wars in which triumphed, as is the case with many of the Pharaohs; but for other reasons are important historically and is most notably the discovery of his tomb and treasures in full without any damage. And the mystery surrounding the circumstances of his death, as many considered the death of Pharaoh at a very early age is abnormal, especially with the presence of traces of fractures in the bones of the thigh and skull, and the marriage of his minister from his widow after his death and installed himself Pharaoh. All these mysterious events, and the heavy use of the legend of the Pharaohs curse associated with the tomb of Tutankhamun, which was used in films made Tutankhamun the...

the books that were used to decorate the tombs of the kings of the modern state, all concerned with the journey of the "sun god" night, and then the new birth, and unite the deceased king with him to ensure the completion of the journey and access to immortality. The most important of these books are: "What Is Being in the Underworld", "The Book of Gates", "The Text of Caves" ... The relationship between the names of the books and the development of the tomb building in the modern state is very logical. In this era, the kings of the West Bank used to dig their tombs in the rocks of the Valley of the Kings, which consists mostly of an entrance that opens on a vestibule or ladder leading to a front room To the burial chamber, has been found in the room some columns and side rooms decorated walls with the texts of the books of the underworld, the most important of these books: * The book "Emi Doat": What is in the underworld is ...

Philosophical thought of the ancient Egyptians was closely associated with their religious beliefs. Egyptian society was founded on the concept of "the motto" which means balance and order. The typical behavior of the ancient Egyptians was both practical and religious at the same time. The texts, such as the Book of the Dead, emphasized virtues of charity, charity, wisdom, social justice, compassion, and love for knowledge. The intentions and desires of good and good were the same as good deeds. The ancient Egyptians believed that man consists of three parts: body, soul and soul. The fate of the soul was determined by the behavior of the soul in this life; well or bad. The offerings were prayers, prayers and veils, bringing man closer to the gods. The city of Alexandria, after the accession of Alexander the Great to Egypt, was established as a commercial center; it also became the meeting place of Greek and Oriental thought. Philosophy was less popular after Aristotle...

Because the Nile is running along the length of the country, boats and ships have been the most important means of transportation in Egypt since ancient times and even the reigns of Muslim rulers. Ships have been shown in frescoes since the Naqada civilization (circa 4000 to 3100 BC); from the time of the ancient state, small wooden models of ships became among the funerary furniture in many tombs. These models represent many types of boats that the ancient Egyptians designed for different purposes. The papyrus boats were used for picnic in the Delta swamps; in daily activities, large wooden boats were used to transport heavy goods, religious ceremonies and for military purposes. During the Ptolemaic period, the Ptolemies built a vast naval force. Ptolemaic ships were manufactured in a variety of ways, which were known throughout the Hellenic world. Pareidates were an important type of naval vessel. The "Kerkoros" ships were used for both commercial and maritime purpose...

Ptolemy I After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. The empiricism was divided by mutual agreement between the rulers of the provinces.Ptolemy the son of Lagos, the Macedonian, ruled by virtue of Egypt. He obtained this and was able to establish the Ptolemaic family, the family that ruled Egypt between 323-30 BC. The Ptolemaic continued to follow the ancient Egyptian traditions. They were the owners of the land and the owners of everything. The Ptolemaic king was the state .The Ptolemies were distinguished in the administration of the state, and because of this Egypt gained prosperity . Ptolemy I took the rest of the army that left by Alexander in Egypt to build his armed forces, and was able to build a strong army and naval fleet.He also interested in religious aspects, established a new cult to bring together the Egyptians and the Greeks.So that religion does not cause problems between them  . He also transferred his capital to Alexandria . P...

Statue of Sopdu Statue of Sopdu, New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, Egypt 1332-1323 BCE Who was the Sopdu? Sopdu (Soped, Sopedu) was a god of war associated with the eastern borders and the eastern Desert, known as the "lord of the east".  He was sometimes associated with the planet Venus, but was generally a solar god, closely associated with the sun, which rises in the east, and represented the scorching heat of the sun.  He patrolled the border and protected the turquoise mines in the Sinai. He was also thought to protect the mouth of the deceased. His name was written with the hieroglyph of a thorn and can be translated as "skilled man" or "skilled ones".  However, it could also mean "sharp ones". The sign itself was called "the tooth" by the Egyptians giving his name a possible third meaning of "the teeth". He was the son of Sopdet (Sirius) and Sahu (Orion) who in turn were associated with Isis a...

At first we should notice that every civilization has it's  creation myths and like other creation myths, Egypt's is complex and offers several versions of how the world unfolded. The ancient Egyptians believed that the basic principles of life, nature and society were determined by the gods at the creation of the world. It all began with the first stirring of the High God in the primeval waters. The creation myth is recounted in the sacred hieroglyphic writings found on pyramids, temples, tombs and sheets of papyrus.  As we mentioned there're several versions of the creations myths in ancient Egypt, but today I'll focus in these article on the Heliopolis creation myth.  The First god    According to the Heliopolitans, the first act of creation occurred when the sun god Atum, "lord of Heliopolis", emerged from the chaotic darkness of Nun the Primeval ocean as a mythical Bennu bird (similar to phoenix). He flew to Heliopolis, an ancient ...

The acquisition of knowledge and knowledge were the most important conditions that qualify the magician to be entitled to the title (which renews life), and also the title of "who Live the rituals, or live through the rituals). The magician in ancient Egypt also bears the title "Khery-Heb", meaning "responsible for the Book of Rituals". He recites the Holy Scriptures with a loud voice so that the words may live and gain strength. In addition to each of the temples of ancient Egypt, there was a house of life in which priests were trained in the holy rites, so that there is no place in ancient Egypt where there are specialists in science Mawarayat. One of the most important figures in ancient Egypt was the figure of the chief priest of the city "On" (Heliopolis), which was the title of "W - Mao" "The Great Priest," or "the great beholder to heaven," "who sees the great God." The prie...

Ramses II  Ramses II is the third Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty, his father was King City I. Ramses II in 1303 BC and ruled Egypt for 67 years from 1279 BC. Until 1212 BC. He ascended to power in his early twenties. He thought he lived until he was 99, but he probably died in his early nineties. Ancient Greek writers (such as Herodotus) attributed his achievements to the semi-legendary King Senusert III, who lived in the Middle Kingdom and was called the Greek Sistostris. His life Ramses II is a child Ramses II was the son of King of Egypt, the first and Queen of Toya, and his most beloved wife, Queen Nefertari. He also had a number of secondary wives, including his wife Isis Nofret, Maat Hor Nafro Ra, and Princess Hatti. His sons were about 90 daughters and their son: Bentanath and security guard, six sisters. His son Prince Merneptah, who succeeded his father as king on Egypt's throne. Finally, Prince Kha mother and AST, which restored the effects of his ancesto...