Old Stone Age (Top):
In 1923, stone machines were found in the Kom Ombo plain, known as the Spellae, and were manufactured by dwarf machines. Recently, several small machines and knives were found in the Nile valley, dating back to 18,000-7000 years ago. It indicates that the Nile Valley area was a ripple of diversity and cultural change.
In general, the Upper Paleolithic period in the Nile Valley has been characterized by the manufacture of large fragments of spleen, amphibian, and dwarf fragments.
This is an indication of the fact that the population knew a kind of wild wheat. Also found in the fortress of Kom Ombo was the Ornassian civilization, which is a role of the civilization of the Nile, which is between 14000 before the present time -11 000, and this civilization Almnchaoah permission to contemporary civilization Alasnawah.
The civilization of the Spell was spread from the second waterfall to Qena, and was located between 15000-11000 years before the present, and the effects include the extent of machines large and small size, and its effects were found in several places, including Manshia, Esna, Edfu, Kalah, Halva, Fakhura, The size of the shops during this period between 40 square meters and 800 square meters, indicating that the population of one camp was between 5 - 40 people, and it is worth mentioning the finding of a stone walk, indicating the use of a kind of wheat ground in food.
It was believed that there was a time gap between the Upper Paleolithic Civilization and the Neolithic civilization in Egypt, but the presence of microlene traces in the oasis of Kharga and in several locations in the nearby desert had blocked the gap.
Neolithic, starting from the year 10,000 until the year 4000, or from 7000 until 5000 BC on the difference in the estimate of the archaeologists.
As the archaeologists saw a dramatic change in climatic conditions, rain was cut, grasslands and deserts were desolate and no longer fit for life, while the marshes that filled the valley dried up, and its land became fairer for life. This had an effect on human exodus from the desert and valleys become dry to a permanent source of water and Honehr Nile.
The vegetation covering the Sahara and the fishing lagoon gradually vanished. Therefore, humans thought of another way of living. They managed to cultivate some of the wild-growing plants that were grinding their grains in the previous era. Agriculture took on the nature of the orchard in the neighboring areas , And began a new phase of the enjoyment of the environment of the Lower Nile Valley and the Delta, the work of cutting grasses and mosquitoes and scavengers, and drying swamps, and the establishment of bridges of the Nile, the preparation of fields for agriculture, and the eradication of the predatory animal of the hippopotamus and Tamazihh and other, Sthaddamh in agriculture, also used as a resource for food, and that was as a productivity revolution in the old world of man ..
The life of stability began with the construction of houses made of clay and wood, and the communities appeared in the form of small villages, and the Egyptian man developed his tools, characterized by precision and small size, and the manufacture of crockery ..
In Fayoum, there are stores of sheep of this age, containing wheat and barley, and there is also evidence that the man was planting sorghum and flax.
The remains of the bones indicate that one of the most important animals that reintroduced in that era dog, donkey, bull, sheep, goat and pig, has benefited from the human skin and wool and hair, and made clothing, and used meat and milk food, and made of the bone types of weapons.
It was found in the Ramadi Bani Salamah (a small village in the south-west of the delta near the village of Khatatba, about 50 km north-west of Cairo, administratively following the center of Imbaba, Giza governorate), at the mouth of Wadi Houf in Helwan, In Upper Egypt, and some were found in Fayoum, in the Western Desert and some of its oases, especially in the oases and offshore.
The large archaeological sites and the cabins also indicate that there are relatively large buildings in both the Ramadi, Bani Salama, Maadi, Naqada and Hirakonopolis. In Marmada Bani Salameh, traces of buildings constructed of clay, shops and stores were found. The dwellings were arranged in two opposite rows, These oval houses, an area of about 2 x 3.4 meters, had a floor carved into the ground surrounded by a wall of mud. The house was also equipped with a large storage room for huge basket-shaped wagons and pottery vessels.
It seems that the residents of Rammeh thought of a method of planning their village, by building their houses in rows almost straight separated by a narrow street, and were likely to bury their dead between their homes (in rooms estimated at 1 × 1.5 ×) and not in a private cemetery, it is the case in the rest of the other cultural centers in Egypt.
Archaeological discoveries in this village have shown that their inhabitants practiced agriculture, found the way to store grain in wicker and straw silos, and they also practiced the pottery industry, which they tried to add to it aesthetically by decorating its surfaces with simple elements.
Their effects also indicate that their people grazed cattle, mowed the cows on the moor, and made heads of three-pointed arrows. They knew the fabric, weaving their linen clothes, and adorned them with ivory bracelets, rings, and beads.
