Because the Nile is running along the length of the country, boats and ships have been the most important means of transportation in Egypt since ancient times and even the reigns of Muslim rulers. Ships have been shown in frescoes since the Naqada civilization (circa 4000 to 3100 BC); from the time of the ancient state, small wooden models of ships became among the funerary furniture in many tombs. These models represent many types of boats that the ancient Egyptians designed for different purposes. The papyrus boats were used for picnic in the Delta swamps; in daily activities, large wooden boats were used to transport heavy goods, religious ceremonies and for military purposes.
During the Ptolemaic period, the Ptolemies built a vast naval force. Ptolemaic ships were manufactured in a variety of ways, which were known throughout the Hellenic world. Pareidates were an important type of naval vessel. The "Kerkoros" ships were used for both commercial and maritime purposes; the small type of sea vessels was called Limbus. These were closer to the boats and were used for the purpose of launching a surprise attack. The most important types of commercial ships, the so-called "Corbeta"; the lagoon was the Mediterranean during the first and second centuries BC, until the vessels of the type "Kaipia" are the most common and used.
The shipbuilding industry was also important during the reigns of Muslim rulers, during which several shipbuilding centers were built along the Nile River. Among these centers are Fustat, Tel Qulzem, Alexandria and San El-Hagar. Alexandria was a major port to which ships came with goods from Ethiopia, India and China; all ports of the Mediterranean Sea. During the reign of the Fatimids, Egypt became one of the greatest naval powers.
For distances that are too small to be commensurate with the passage of boats, the hand-held (hand-held) handlers were the preferred means of the upper class of transport during the age of the old state. It seems that these handcuffs disappeared shortly after that era. The passenger, a senior official, sat in the lapel with two knees to his chest and held a fan. The handrails were usually fitted with a pillow and a headrest for the passenger's comfort. The latches rested on two long posts; two or more servants brought them up to carry the handpiece.
Domesticated animals, such as mules and donkeys, were the most commonly used for heavy cargo in ancient Egypt; they were also used in agriculture. The donkeys were reintroduced in the fourth millennium BC, and their use was almost exclusively used for terrestrial navigation; until the era of Persian rule. The Hyksos invaders introduced horses into Egypt, in the second transition era. By the age of the modern state, Egyptians began breeding horses, which were owned only by the elite and the ruling class and were generally used to tow light vehicles instead of riding them.
The single-stemmed camel (or Arabian camel) is mentioned from time to time; it is associated with early covenants of the family era. But beauty did not enter Egypt in large numbers except with the invasion of Assyria and Persia, and then in the era of Alexander the Great. Later, in the Ptolemaic period, camels were used as the main means of transportation in desert areas.

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