The magical texts were an important part of the scientific texts in Egypt  The Egyptian writer used different materials to record them such as papyrus, oestraca, stone paintings and statues. Egyptian scientists used the classification of ancient Egyptian texts to  Literary texts, funerary texts, magic texts, and so on. But sometimes it mixed up with them, and there was a mistake  Category. For example, the story of "The Seas That Crashed His Boat" is usually classified as a literary text While it is a story that contains magical aqua. The coffins are usually classified as funerary texts, though they are  In some parts contains magical texts, especially the book of the two ways  Which was placed on some coffins of the central state and provided the deceased  With the information he needs to get through the world of tools  He described it as two roads, one waterway and the other the land road. And between them...

The most powerful periods of monarchy were concentrated in the age of the Fourth Dynasty, the era of the builders of the Great Pyramids, and the administration was concentrated in the hands of the king, who can be called the King of the Father because he oversees justice and truth, both on earth and in the other world First: The King and the State: The king assisted some of the assistants in his duties, headed by the minister, who was considered the personal representative of the king and was one of his duties oversee the house of money and justice in addition to the administrative work and assisted the minister in all works, a layer of the general public filled other jobs and a class of learners, including clerks and others, The administration was organized, otherwise the huge pyramids were not built. Beginning with the age of the Fifth Dynasty and the emergence of the Sun faith and its god, Ra, who was considered as the creator of the world, the King lost some of his power. ...

Tutankhamun, or the golden boy, the most famous Egyptian king, and one of the eighteenth Egyptian pharaohs in the history of the modern Egyptian kingdom. He gained fame, not for his political or military achievements, but to discover his tomb intact without being looted and robbed like the rest of the tombs. The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Tutu became king at the age of nine in 1332, following the death of his father, Akhenaten, who left the country in deplorable condition, as a result of his preoccupation with his new monotheism, Tut was sentenced after the death of a He returned to his new faith and returned the country's capital to Thebes instead of his father's capital, which was called Achitatun, or Aton Aton, and changed his name to Tutankhamun instead of Tutankhamen. The tomb of King Tutankhamun 1922, by Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon, opened on 16 February of the year in 1923. On the occasion of the anniversary of the opening of the cemetery, we prese...

Because the Nile is running along the length of the country, boats and ships have been the most important means of transportation in Egypt since ancient times and even the reigns of Muslim rulers. Ships have been shown in frescoes since the Naqada civilization (circa 4000 to 3100 BC); from the time of the ancient state, small wooden models of ships became among the funerary furniture in many tombs. These models represent many types of boats that the ancient Egyptians designed for different purposes. The papyrus boats were used for picnic in the Delta swamps; in daily activities, large wooden boats were used to transport heavy goods, religious ceremonies and for military purposes. During the Ptolemaic period, the Ptolemies built a vast naval force. Ptolemaic ships were manufactured in a variety of ways, which were known throughout the Hellenic world. Pareidates were an important type of naval vessel. The "Kerkoros" ships were used for both commercial and maritime purpose...

What the ancient Egyptians left with movable or fixed effects: There is no doubt that the legacy of the ancient Egyptians is considered to be a trait The ancient Egyptians recorded some of their past in various documents; kings often recorded events and events of particular interest from their point of view, and dignitaries and individuals chronicled their lives in inscriptions on the walls of their tombs or Among the most important Egyptian works are the following: 1 Stone Palermo: The oldest historical Egyptian document that was left behind by the Egyptians, appears to be originally a text of diruvite engraved in both hieroglyphs and hieroglyphics; it records the names of kings from the pre-family era to the fifth Dynasty. And the height of about 70 cm, and about two meters long, has been broken this stone and left only six pieces, the largest and most important is now preserved in the Museum of the city of Palermo in Sicily, and the rest of the pieces there are four in t...

Ancient Egyptians recorded the texts on papyrus scrolls and papyrus is a type of paper made from a plant growing in swamps. They used the black ink to edit the main text, and they wrote from right to left. Some of the scrolls that were found reached about 90 feet (about 30 meters) in length, with detailed illustrations and beautiful colors. Papyrus remains the traditional form of textual recording, through the pharaonic and Greek-Roman ages. In the Coptic era, some texts were still inscribed on papyrus; however, animal-made slavery was the favorite and most commonly used material. Papyrus or slavery pages were grouped together in the form of a "binding" package. Several lieutenants or "bundles" were bundled together in a leather or wood wrapper; in a manuscript, similar to the modern form of the book. The manuscripts for individual use were usually smaller; the large manuscripts were used for rituals and rituals as a book of reading placed above the readin...

Its beginning: The ancient Egyptian religion, in its early stages and in the long stages of its distant history, took on the multiplicity of idolatry and the diversity of beliefs, as did the old religions. The early Egyptians reacted to every partial sensory phenomenon in which their lives and environments were affected by a supreme ability or hidden malady that they moved and controlled and worthy of sanctification for which resulted in the multitude of sacred evils and divine forces that were suffused with wind, rain and the phenomena of heaven. The hidden forces feel people with their effects and effectiveness but they do not see their bodies, linking the religious among them between their ideological and mental perceptions and many signs of the world of reality and the foundations, the links of causes and results, and symbolized every supreme power and hidden bug imagined by a sensory symbol expresses the secret of its secrets and holds the status of characteristics, Kale...

The ancient Egyptians excelled in astronomy, as they excelled in other sciences, and drove them to several things, including: the purity of their skies and free of clouds and clouds most of the year, and then take them some planets of the sky, especially the sun gods, : Their keenness to adjust the dates of the Nile, linking between them and the emergence of some planets at certain times, they mean the scheduling of planting and harvest. The ancient Egyptians in the sky - other than the sun and the moon - distinguished planets that do not know the cold, including what we call Mercury and Venus (the star of the evening and the Morning Star), Mars (Haur Al Ahmar), Jupiter (the piercing star) and Saturn ), And they have made these stars in constellations (different from the constellations derived from the Babylonians) and difficult to know, and that it has been possible to identify the big bear (the ox's thigh) and the hen (in the form of the man with open arms) and the mighty ( ...

A mummy is a body or body that is protected - either by natural or synthetic methods - preserved in its general form. The conservation process is either complete drying, extreme cooling, lack of oxygen or use of chemicals. The word mummy releases all human remains from soft tissue. Mummification may be present on every continent but the method is associated with the ancient Egyptians for this is attributed to them. The first study of mummies was in the 19th century. The most famous mummies are those that have been intentionally slaughtered for long periods of time, especially those mummies belonging to ancient Egyptian pharaohs. The ancient Egyptians believed that the body is the house of ka or qurain, one of the five elements of man, which made the preservation of the body necessary for the other eternal life that the Egyptians believed that the human being moved to when he died. Mummies are associated with Egyptian legends and legends. However, several preserved mummies have...

The reign of the two families was 420 years, and their property was the city of Tina, after King Narmer Mina unified the Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, namely the Delta and the Upper and the meaning of the word Meena, the founder or the immortal, and reminds us of some historical sources that he himself may be King Scorpio. which indicate the presence of the king and established the unity of Egypt is a board slate, which was found in the area Harakounboles "old southern capital." If we look at this painting, we see the name of King Narmer in the front of the royal palace. If we look at the sides of the arduous plank above, we see two hieroglyphs representing Hathor, the goddess of love and beauty of the ancient Egyptians, and their presence in the painting represents the religious protection of the king. In the form of the white crown "Hadjat", which represents the south in Upper Egypt and other times wearing the red crown "Darsher", which represents ...