Today i will talk about one of the most famous queens of ancient Egypt Queen Hatshepsut !!
why she got all this fame why she is One of the most famous and great queens in history ?




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Queen Hatshepsut 



Hatshepsut's original name is Ghanamat Amun Hatshepsut means: the beloved princess of Amun or the princess of Amun, the princess of Durrat ..


who was she ?

Queen Maat Ka Ra Hatshepsut (1482 BC) One of the most famous queens in history, the fifth Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty, ruled from 1503 BC. Until 1482 BC.

The eldest daughter of Pharaoh Egypt was King Thutmose I and her mother Queen Ahmose. Her father, the king, had an illegitimate son,Thutmose II , and she accepted to marry him on the custom of royal dynasties to share the rule of the state after his death.
This queen has left many mysteries and secrets. Perhaps the most exciting of these mysteries is the character of Senmut, the architect who built her famous temple "Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut", She gave him 80 titles and  he was responsible for the care of her only daughter, he loved her so much he even dig a tunnel between her tomb and his tomb.
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Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut





Hints of historians to indicate the existence of a love that has gathered together Senmut and Hatshepsut, the queen and her servant also participated in the "legendary life" and ended each end of the mystery is still a mystery so far.



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Senmut and Hatshepsut's daughter

The rule of Hatshepsut


The rule of Hatshepsut was famous for her peace and prosperity, as she was trying her best to develop relations, especially trade with the countries of the ancient East, to prevent any wars with them.



During the reign of Hatshepsut, the architecture flourished,The army and the prosperity of the country else has increased .

The Egyptians opinions oh their queen

Hatshepsut faced many problems at the beginning of her rule.Some historians say she killed her husband and brother Thutmose II to have all the power.
On the other hand, she faced problems with the people, where most people saw that she was a woman and could not rule the country, so she always tried to dress in men's clothes to convince the people that she could govern.

Trade in the era of Hatshepsut

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Trade flourished greatly during the reign of Hatshepsut
and Many trade missions were conducted like :

Mission of the Atlantic Ocean: Queen Hatshepsut sent a large fleet to the Atlantic Ocean to import some rare fish species.

Puntland Mission: Queen Hatshepsut sent a trade mission laden with Egyptian gifts and goods such as papyrus and linen to Puntland (now Somalia). The Punt king received it well, then returned with loads of wood, incense, ebony, ivory, leather and precious stones so  Queen Hatshepsut carved the news of the mission on the walls.

Mission of Aswan: Also carved on the walls of the Temple of the Monastery of the sea description of the mission Hatshepsut to the quarries of granite at Aswan to bring the huge stones, and that was the import of two great mosques in Karnak temple in Luxor.

Deir el-Bahari temple 
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Deir el-Bahari temple 
Deir el-Bahari temple or the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut is a very famous temple in the whole world. It was known as the "Deir el-Bahari temple" because Christians used it as a monastery in the seventh century AD.

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The temple was designed and executed by the architect, "Senmut", the Queen's advisor and a close associate. He belongs to a modest family of Armant, but he became the first president to receive the royal family, and the head of the reception of the god Amon, who is responsible for all the construction, and thus achieved the greatest professional success in the history of ancient Egypt.

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He supervised the construction and transport of the statuettes constructed by Hatshepsut at the temple of Amun Ra in Karnak. The funerary temple he built in "Deir el-Bahari temple " is a masterpiece and a model of innovation.

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His roof may be demolished with regret, but his three canvases are still standing. The group divides into successive terraces and a series of successive separate palaces mating in perfect harmony with the natural shelf of the mountain.

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This temple was led by a path of rams, and its entrance and pavements remained trees and parts of their trunks remained in place until today.

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There is an ascending road between its three balconies, and there are twenty-two pillars per balcony. Behind his second balcony is a courtyard leading to Anubis, the god of the dead on the right, and another of  Hathor on the left. Then the temple ends with the mihrab, or the sanctuary carved into the heart of the rock.

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The main objects in this temple are those on the central terrace. The southern baccalaureate is decorated with inscriptions representing the mission the Queen sent to the country of Punt (Somali coast) in the seventh or eighth year of her reign to bring the incense required for religious rituals and other products of that country.

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On the northern boulders on the same porch, the famous scene was engraved with the Queen's birth story of the god Amun, the scene of how Queen Hatshepsut's mother was carried in a manner contrary to nature. By visiting the god "Amun" at night her mother Queen "Ahmos" in the form of her husband, "Tuthmosis I", and spent with her night, and then announced that she will give birth to a great princess called "Hatshepsut," and that it will rule the country.

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In the temple there are several interior chambers with distorted inscriptions, then the three inner booths, which are intertwined in some.Its inscriptions do not distinguish from what has already been described. However, the third of them was the work of Ptolemy VIII, Jurgits II, one of the Ptolemaic kings who ordered them to rock in the rock and dedicated them to the cult of Imhotep, the god of medicine, and Imhotep ben Hapu, who was famous for the wisdom and literature of Amenhotep the Third.


The discovery of Queen Hatshepsut's mummy

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Hatshepsut's mummy


"The discovery of Queen Hatshepsut's mummy is one of the most important archaeological discoveries I've made in my life ... It was a truly exciting adventure that lasted more than a year and I did not imagine that I would find the mummy of Queen Hatshepsut to reveal one of the secrets of Pharaonic civilization" that's what dr zahi Hawass said in the introduction to his article about the discovery of Hatshepsut's mummy.

The three most important people in the life of Queen Hatshepsut
1 - the only daughter of the queen, who died at a young age, making her mother always sad
2 - Engineer Senmut, who built her temple in the monastery of the sea
3 - Queen of the Queen of Set - I - And from her begins the story of the discovery of exciting

This story began when Discovery Channel asked to make a film about Queen Hatshepsut. From here, the archeologist Zahi Hawass began his research trip by visiting tomb number 20 in the Valley of the Kings on the western bank of Luxor, the tomb of Queen Hatshepsut (Note: Her tomb was in the Valley of the Kings and not the Queens because she resembled men in her life and was buried in the tombs of kings after her death). This tomb was discovered by Howard Carter in 1903, who also discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun. Inside the cemetery, a royal coffin was found and is now kept in the Egyptian Museum, but the coffin was empty.
This was the beginning of the logical research, but did not lead to the desired mummy and so the researcher had to search for it elsewhere and already went to another cemetery was related to that Queen is a graveyard Graveyard No. 60.

It was located directly below the tomb of the Queen and was also found by Howard Carter in 1907 and found inside it two mummies. The first was placed in a wooden coffin engraved with the last two letters of the name of the woman. Carter transferred the mummy at the time to the Egyptian Museum and the second was thrown on the ground next to the first and without a coffin. The second was transferred to the Egyptian Museum at the beginning of the search for the mummy of the queen. The mummy, which was in the coffin, was stuffed with royal style, which made the researchers believe it belonged to the queen.

Strange observation

The researchers noticed that the mummy inside the coffin was shorter than the length of the coffin (2 cm long and the 1.05 m long mummy), which made them think that the mummy belongs to the queen and not the lactating one, but speculate that the queen inside the sarcophagus needs evidence and follow up with the latest diaphragm and DNA analysis. Confirm who is the queen.

A small wooden box was found in the mummies hidden in the monastery of the sea near the Valley of the Kings and was discovered in 1881 and engraved by the name of Queen Hatshepsut and contains inside the liver of the queen and the intestines and a small part of the tooth does not exceed 1.8 centimeters
Finally discovered the mummy of Queen Hatshepsut
By examining the mummies, it was found that the mummy that was lying on the ground of the tomb without a sarcophagus is lacking in the tooth that was found inside the box and this confirms that it is a mummy of Hatshepsut .

The causes of the death of Queen Hatshepsut
After the discovery of the royal mummy found that the causes of death malignant disease in her stomach and she was suffering from diabetes, which caused the weakness of teeth and the fall of the tooth during mummification and put it in the wooden box.





























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