The reign of the two families was 420 years, and their property was the city of Tina, after King Narmer Mina unified the Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, namely the Delta and the Upper and the meaning of the word Meena, the founder or the immortal, and reminds us of some historical sources that he himself may be King Scorpio. which indicate the presence of the king and established the unity of Egypt is a board slate, which was found in the area Harakounboles "old southern capital." If we look at this painting, we see the name of King Narmer in the front of the royal palace. If we look at the sides of the arduous plank above, we see two hieroglyphs representing Hathor, the goddess of love and beauty of the ancient Egyptians, and their presence in the painting represents the religious protection of the king. In the form of the white crown "Hadjat", which represents the south in Upper Egypt and other times wearing the red crown "Darsher", which represents ...

The dead, in the pre-family era, were wrapped in mats or goatskin and placed in a shallow shallow oval sand pit. In the pit, with the deceased, were left pots of food and drink; for the journey in the afterlife. The sand or quantities of rubble, crumbling over the grave to form a small tala. Later, the Safwa tombs consisted of rectangular rectangular subdivisions; single or multiple. These divisions were sometimes lined with brick, to reinforce the sides; they were covered with piles of rubble. Some were furnished with staircases, so that it was easy to get down to the underground rooms. The mastaba, a huge rectangular building above an underground room, became the preferred building of the nobility in the Second Dynasty. The outer walls were flat, but with a light tilt to the inside. The terraces often had sacrificial chambers with carved or embossed engravings with illustrations or texts. Around that time, the ancient Egyptians began to place the dead in stone or wooden coffi...

Because the Nile is running along the length of the country, boats and ships have been the most important means of transportation in Egypt since ancient times and even the reigns of Muslim rulers. Ships have been shown in frescoes since the Naqada civilization (circa 4000 to 3100 BC); from the time of the ancient state, small wooden models of ships became among the funerary furniture in many tombs. These models represent many types of boats that the ancient Egyptians designed for different purposes. The papyrus boats were used for picnic in the Delta swamps; in daily activities, large wooden boats were used to transport heavy goods, religious ceremonies and for military purposes. During the Ptolemaic period, the Ptolemies built a vast naval force. Ptolemaic ships were manufactured in a variety of ways, which were known throughout the Hellenic world. Pareidates were an important type of naval vessel. The "Kerkoros" ships were used for both commercial and maritime purpose...

Modern historians agreed to divide the history of Ancient Egypt into three main sections: The Old, Middle and Modern States Each of these countries represents an era of prosperity and progress, and includes a number of Pharaonic families that ruled the united Egypt. These countries are headed by the three most famous kings who united the two parts of the country: Narmer (Mena), Menuhotep the Second, and Ahmose the First. The era of the ancient state was an ancient era of the first and second families, in which the foundations of Egyptian civilization were established and the pillars of the Egyptian state were supported. The country also passed after each of these countries a period of weakness dominated by foreigners on a part of the country and near the end of the pharaonic history enjoyed a period of renaissance known as the Egyptian era, where the Egyptians tried to raise their country again and revive the ancient glory, historians have divided this Pharaoh to one And thir...

Most metals and precious stones used in the manufacture of tools, pots and ornaments were extracted from the Eastern and Western deserts of Egypt. Mining was an exhausting and deadly activity. Because most of the mines were in the desert, workers' living conditions were harsh; mining was therefore practiced seasonally. Mobility to land mines was unavoidable. The slow donkey convoys were out of reach and needed massive troops to protect them from bandits The old mines were small spaces, not expanded, and supported by wooden beams, as in the present. The miners had to lie on their stomachs, beating their shovels all day long. Workers were usually hired with food and drink, and were not allowed to keep a piece of gold or jewelery; however small. In the Roman era, slaves who were prisoners of war or prisoners in crimes were used to work in mines. Poor families, with their children, also worked in mines. The children crawled in the small spaces to take out the rock crusher. Co...

Giza pyramids It lies on the Giza plateau in Giza on the West Bank of the Nile. Built by some 25 centuries BC, somewhere between 2480 and 2550 b.c. and includes the three pyramids of Cheops, Chephren, and Menkaure. And the pyramids were the tombs of their respective property bears the name of the King who was buried, builders and hierarchical structure, here is the stage of development of building tombs in ancient Egypt. It started with a small hole turned into an underground Chamber. The idea of the pyramid of the hierarchy has been associated specifically with the idea of the origins of the universe and thought well according to some writings and religious texts, the deceased's spirit in the assisting means pyramid reach heaven with Idol RA, and sometimes can see sunshine in the clouds and take the hierarchy also were among the many means that can help them to climb into the sky. Many people believe that the greatness of the pyramid lies in a constructive manner,...

1. The Egyptian State continued to have around 3059 years of the year 3400 - 341 BC 2 - Egypt lost its independence 136 years under the rule of the Persians (this figure is uncertain and subject to increase and shortage as the history of the rule of the Hixus of Egypt is still a lot of mystery) 3. Egypt also lost its independence for nine years under Persian rule The total periods during which Pharaonic Egypt lost its independence for about 145 years A state that lasted 3059 years unified and strong and lose its freedom and independence only 145 years That is, Egypt has been free and independent, with more than 95% of its pharaonic history Information I think we should believe in because it is a historical fact 3 - Pharaonic Egypt ruled three queens They are the Queen Khant Kaos in the Old Kingdom, Queen Sabk Nefru in the Central State and the great Queen Hatshepsut in the modern state 4 - Pharaohs realized since ancient times that to secure Egypt must be secured ...

The magical texts were an important part of the scientific texts in Egypt  The Egyptian writer used different materials to record them such as papyrus, oestraca, stone paintings and statues. Egyptian scientists used the classification of ancient Egyptian texts to  Literary texts, funerary texts, magic texts, and so on. But sometimes it mixed up with them, and there was a mistake  Category. For example, the story of "The Seas That Crashed His Boat" is usually classified as a literary text While it is a story that contains magical aqua. The coffins are usually classified as funerary texts, though they are  In some parts contains magical texts, especially the book of the two ways  Which was placed on some coffins of the central state and provided the deceased  With the information he needs to get through the world of tools  He described it as two roads, one waterway and the other the land road. And between them...

Isis and Osiris story Philae island and temple  The reader of that timeless myth may err in the conception that is Isis and Osiris are historical figures. The reason for this is that ancient Egyptian mythology was infused with cosmic events in an abstract form, and its cosmic symbols are dyed in human form. To make matters more complicated, some of the events of the story of Isis and Osiris were reported to have occurred in Egyptian cities. Certain places were associated with the events of the story of Isis and Osiris; this connection between certain places known in Egypt and between the events of the story is what caused the reader to be puzzled. The story of Isis and Osiris is a mythological story that tells about events that took place at the time of the creation of the universe. These events did not take place in the land of Egypt as some imagine, but the opposite is true. It was the Egyptians who created names Linked to the events of the emergence of the univers...

She is one of the most prominent queens in the history of ancient Egypt because of its important role in its time. She was a priest of the god Min, and the mother of the king's chariots; and her mother, Toya, was a "great harem of Amun" , One of the king's harem, and a supervisor in the palace on the king's clothes. The King ordered the registration of this marriage on the commemorative jars as follows: (Amenhotep, let him live, his wife Queen Tiy, to live, her father Yuya, and her mother Toya, ... is the wife of the powerful king whose southern border extends to Karoy and north to Naharin). The era in which the queen grew up has produced glorious events in the history of ancient Egypt. It originated with the era of Amenhotep III, an era in which the Egyptian empire had its political, cultural and economic fruits. Peace and prosperity prevailed in Egypt after the bitter struggle to liberate it from the Hyksos and secure its borders . When he was dest...