The woodwork in Egypt is evident, first of all, in the caskets of the beginning of the families; it was made of overlapping panels that were fixed together at the corners by connecting through holes. The tombs were also found on boxes made of inlaid plates connected to the click and tongue or joints. The boxing industry has become more sophisticated and sophisticated, with sliding hoods, reliable connecting elements on both sides, and leather ties with holes in corners. Carpenters mastered carpentry then without using screws or glue. The glue is used after the fifth family. The wood beams were used in the third family coffins, which were made of six pieces of cedar wood connected together, so that the granules took different directions. The cheap wood was painted with a layer of varnish, about seven tenths of a millimeter thick, to give it a more luxurious appearance. The Egyptians mastered the art of furniture decoration; inlaid with: wood, ivory, semiprecious stones, glass an...

In the era of Abstec III conquered Qambiz Egypt, crowned himself king in May 525, and took the title of Pharaoh to earn himself a legitimate position in the eyes of the Egyptians, but it soon aroused their emotions violated the sanctity of the Egyptian religion. In 522, he was succeeded by a house on the throne. He showed the sight and courtesy of Wadir bin with a great king and visited Egypt around 518 where he was crowned by Pharaoh. Perhaps the most important remnant of his time in Egypt is the Temple of Habbis in the oasis of the exterior. In addition, it completed the Nakhaw channel and the Nile reached the Red Sea, penetrating Wadi al-Tamilat. And followed the house of the policy of tolerance to erase the impact of the sins of his predecessor to the Egyptians. The first Egyptian revolution on the Persians: However, the Egyptians almost knew that Dara had died until they became rebels and set up a king in 485. The Athenians helped the revolution because the Persians were a c...

The art of painting and embossing and relief in ancient Egypt flourished; as evidenced by the walls of tombs and temples. The artist dealt with the walls as a painting and engraving surfaces, and tried to invest all available spaces. The painting was not the work of a single artist, because the work of painting and engraving in ancient Egypt was carried out in three stages, and the contribution of several categories of artists: each of these area of expertise and specialization. In the first stage, the primary lines were drawn which give shape features. The coloring begins in the second stage, beginning with the wider areas, and progress towards coloring the details of the drawing. Then comes the final stage, in which the fine lines are drawn that give details. It can be said that there were no distinct differences between drawing, painting and engraving. Even if we divided the inscriptions into two categories, carving and engraving, neither of the two methods had to be prece...

Egyptian mythology is one of the most important aspects of ancient Egyptian faith because it reflects the ancient Egyptian thought and doctrine. The lives and actions of the gods were fertile material for the priests, to tell stories and legends about them. These legends have become very complex and have become a pillar of the Egyptian religion. The following are the most important myths that influenced the thought and doctrine of the ancient Egyptian Myth of Creation and Creation: There were three legends about Creation and Creation according to three different theories. The first is attributed to the city of Heliopolis and the second to Hermopolis and the third to Mannf, but in the end it overcame The myth of Heliopolis after having mixed up some small views of the theories of Hermopolis and Menouf. But we will summarize the three legends as follows. The first myth is the myth of Heliopolis that the universe originated from non-problematic water called N, from which the god...

Edfu Temple of Horus or Badfo temple is characterized by its construction and the enormity of its splendor. The temple dates back to the Ptolemaic period. The temple of Horus was built in the reign of Ptolemy III - Jorgets I (the word "jorgets" meaning "the optimist") in 237 BC. "Ptolemy XIII" in the first century BC. The only temple that remained in good condition began to be built by King Ptolemy III, but because of the war and sedition it continued to be built a full century. The temple begins with the great apse, which is 35 meters high, and on its towers Ptolemy III slaughters the enemies. An open courtyard surrounded by columns on three sides, and in the middle there was an altar to offer offerings, we then reach a hall with 12 columns representing the crowns of the plants and then enter the lobby of the columns, and then get into a region that dims the light until we reach the Holy of Holies At the last point of the temple. Edfu Temple is loc...

The Pharaoh whom history could not forget! This is a painting of the upper part of a colossal statue of the apostate Pharaoh Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten originating from Karnak, possibly sculpted by the artist ‘Bek’. Made from sandstone, this statue stands at 2.05m (6ft 8inch). Back in its day, the complete statue would have been almost three times as tall. The bust would have been highly decorated with vibrant colours, remnants of which can still be seen: traces of blue on the side flank of his headdress, blue in the crevices of his beard, yellow along the band on his crown and red on his lips which is somewhat unusual for a statue of a male in ancient times. However, Akhenaten was anything but a traditionalist as he strived to push his campaign for the primacy of the cult of the Aten, establish bureaucracy, and defy convention. His new art movement was very provocative, placing himself in direct opposition of the former, traditional art forms. Early in Akhenaten’s reign, temples...

Hieratic writing was a type of ongoing (related) writing techniques which, evidently, developed at the same time as hieroglyphics; the two systems were used side by side. The term "Hiratiki" came from a Greek word meaning priest; it was used only in the writing of religious texts. On the papyrus, leather, wood panels, and ostraca (chalks or potsherds), as well as linen: the letter to the dead from the ancient state, and the emblems of the definition of mummies, such as those on a sarcophagus Ramses II, all written on linen Hieratic writing was also used in the codification of commercial documents, accounts and letters. They were generally written in rows, sometimes in columns; specifically after 1800 BC. Hieratic texts differed according to the writing skills of the writer and the type of text The remaining hieratic texts in general show a keen interest in the beauty of the calligraphy of literary and religious texts, with a related reductionist method of quick...

Ancient Egyptians recorded the texts on papyrus scrolls and papyrus is a type of paper made from a plant growing in swamps. They used the black ink to edit the main text, and they wrote from right to left. Some of the scrolls that were found reached about 90 feet (about 30 meters) in length, with detailed illustrations and beautiful colors. Papyrus remains the traditional form of textual recording, through the pharaonic and Greek-Roman ages. In the Coptic era, some texts were still inscribed on papyrus; however, animal-made slavery was the favorite and most commonly used material. Papyrus or slavery pages were grouped together in the form of a "binding" package. Several lieutenants or "bundles" were bundled together in a leather or wood wrapper; in a manuscript, similar to the modern form of the book. The manuscripts for individual use were usually smaller; the large manuscripts were used for rituals and rituals as a book of reading placed above the readin...

At first we should notice that every civilization has it's  creation myths and like other creation myths, Egypt's is complex and offers several versions of how the world unfolded. The ancient Egyptians believed that the basic principles of life, nature and society were determined by the gods at the creation of the world. It all began with the first stirring of the High God in the primeval waters. The creation myth is recounted in the sacred hieroglyphic writings found on pyramids, temples, tombs and sheets of papyrus.  As we mentioned there're several versions of the creations myths in ancient Egypt, but today I'll focus in these article on the Heliopolis creation myth.  The First god    According to the Heliopolitans, the first act of creation occurred when the sun god Atum, "lord of Heliopolis", emerged from the chaotic darkness of Nun the Primeval ocean as a mythical Bennu bird (similar to phoenix). He flew to Heliopolis, an ancient ...

In prehistoric times, the climate in Egypt has forced people to wear thin, light-colored clothing made from flax yarn, which was the most available; wool and cotton were used in later eras. The paintings, dating back to the pre-dynastic period, show men naked; only from a belt around the center, from which hangs a cloth covering the waist - or a pincushion of pinches and shrubs or thick of plant material. King Narmer (Narmer - or King Mena) was the oldest record of a king wearing a short calf, called "Shendit"; it was crossed by a pagan under a belt strapped to the front. The pharaoh's robe changed slightly, with time. The headdress was a piece of linen cloth gathered at the back. The pharaoh also wore a borrowed beard to distinguish it and tied it to the gods who were thought to have a straight beard. Senior officials of the old state, along with the knight of the old state, wore necklaces and necklaces. The important men wore shala on their shoulders, while the...