Philip II unites the Greeks and decides to fight the Persians: Greece were not state Tantzationa political unity of the Commonwealth, but was divided into a large number of mini-states are keen to ensure each of them more independence and freedom and differentiate between them disputes and hatred. If these states reached a distant place in the fifth century BC, they were weakened and chaotic between them during the fourth century, while Macedonia on its northern border was serious in uniting and upscale. When Philip II ascended the throne of Macedonia, he saw that the situation of the Greeks was being taken apart by Macedonia, politically and militarily, and that the Greeks were fighting a national war against their ancient Persian enemies. They controlled the smaller Greeks of Asia and threatened the safety of the Greeks. And the other was the elimination of the Persian threat. The Greeks realized the purposes of Philip and divided into two unequal parts, supported by the le...

Hieratic writing was a type of ongoing (related) writing techniques which, evidently, developed at the same time as hieroglyphics; the two systems were used side by side. The term "Hiratiki" came from a Greek word meaning priest; it was used only in the writing of religious texts. On the papyrus, leather, wood panels, and ostraca (chalks or potsherds), as well as linen: the letter to the dead from the ancient state, and the emblems of the definition of mummies, such as those on a sarcophagus Ramses II, all written on linen Hieratic writing was also used in the codification of commercial documents, accounts and letters. They were generally written in rows, sometimes in columns; specifically after 1800 BC. Hieratic texts differed according to the writing skills of the writer and the type of text The remaining hieratic texts in general show a keen interest in the beauty of the calligraphy of literary and religious texts, with a related reductionist method of quick...

The woodwork in Egypt is evident, first of all, in the caskets of the beginning of the families; it was made of overlapping panels that were fixed together at the corners by connecting through holes. The tombs were also found on boxes made of inlaid plates connected to the click and tongue or joints. The boxing industry has become more sophisticated and sophisticated, with sliding hoods, reliable connecting elements on both sides, and leather ties with holes in corners. Carpenters mastered carpentry then without using screws or glue. The glue is used after the fifth family. The wood beams were used in the third family coffins, which were made of six pieces of cedar wood connected together, so that the granules took different directions. The cheap wood was painted with a layer of varnish, about seven tenths of a millimeter thick, to give it a more luxurious appearance. The Egyptians mastered the art of furniture decoration; inlaid with: wood, ivory, semiprecious stones, glass an...

The book of Egyptian mythology remains the wealthiest and most rich, containing an explanation for all the ancient Egyptians observed from the features of the movement of nature in their own way. One of the things that the Egyptians were interested in the journey of the sun at night and day, appeared myths about the journey of the sun at night, the most important that the sun is born of the goddess "Not" God of the sky, which is born every morning and die every night in her arms. But the other myth that had the greatest influence and accepted by the Egyptians is that the sun was roaming the heavens in a boat sailing in the heavenly river. This boat is called a boat of millions of years and in the morning it is called a boat called the moon boat. In the evening it is called a boat that is caught (ie the evening boat). At night the boat enters the kingdom of night, which is also called the other world. And separated from the other territory gate guarded by a guard....

The ancient Egyptians used to pay great attention to the celebration of the funeral of the dead. They thought that his happiness in the hereafter depended on these celebrations and read some religious hymns. The ancient Egyptians had a complex set of burial customs that they saw as necessary for immortality and preservation of the body of the dead after death. These rituals included mummification and magical sorcery, and the burial of certain goods that they thought needed in the afterlife. . Burial rituals: . . The Book of the Dead was a collection of spells designed to guide the Deceased in the Afterlife. The ancient Egyptians used to walk in the body of the dead (after being mummified) in a procession until they reached the eastern shore of the Nile, where a small fleet of boats awaited them. The main boat had a large room lined with fabrics in this room. The body of the dead was placed with statues of Isis and Neptis. For the dead and the priest burn incense and continue to pro...

In his famous book "The Ancient Egyptian Art - The One Hundred Book" (1990), Cyril Aldred emphasizes that "the world of Maniton, the chief priest of Heliopolis in the third century BC, commissioned by King Ptolemy I to write the history of Egypt, Since the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt under the rule of Mina, the first Pharaohs, until the invasion of Alexander of Egypt in 332 BC - to thirty-one families Although the history of Maniton did not reach us, but the list prepared by the names of kings and their years of custody, The calendars of the early Christians are also quoted by contemporary historians as Ma Nasabhm, and accept the way Mantyon numbering Dynastic, because it has apparently according to a very old tradition. Pharaohs also investigated the names of the Greek business available). Maniton was an Egyptian priest in the temple of Samannoud. He was one of the most famous priests of the history of his country. He was the most knowledgeable of the orig...

Pyramid, is a geometric form of many surfaces, one of which is a polygon called the base of the pyramid, and the pyramid resulting from connecting the corners of a quadrilateral or triangular base with a single point called the top, and the monthly shape of the base is the square base. Another definition: The pyramid is a regular polygon whose base is a regular polygon, whose head is tethered to a point outside the base so that if we take a column from this point it meets with the junction point of the base diameters. The regular pyramid is a pyramid whose base is a regular polygon and its sides make equal angles with its base. Calculates the size of the pyramid in mathematics according to the relationship: Size = Base Area × Height Where the height is the length of the line projected vertically from the top to the base (or extension). [Edit] Pyramid buildings Pyramids of EgyptThe pyramid buildings spread in many parts of the world, in Egypt, Mexico and South America a...

The ancient Egyptians used a type of writing based on images, in recording their ideas. Unlike other writings that are always written in one direction, hieroglyphics can be edited and read from right to left or vice versa; or vertically in both directions. One can define the beginning direction from which text is read, depending on animal or human labeling; for backward and forward, as these marks always face the beginning of the text. When writing hieroglyphic texts, the ancient Egyptians ignored the sounds of moving letters, as is now the case with Arabic and Hebrew writing. From the time of the ancient state onwards, the ancient Egyptians also used the Hieratic script; a short, concise writing on papyrus, used by priests in religious and funerary texts. With the later pharaonic times and the Ptolemaic period, a more concise written writing was used: the demotic script. Throughout ancient Egyptian history, scribes were considered the custodians of literary traditions. In add...

 Curse of the Pharaohs This is the least described by the legend of the curse of the  pharaohs, which established in the minds of lovers of Egyptian civilization and researchers and those awaiting the resurrection of the secrets associated with the priests and ancient pharaohs of the other world .. It is not strange that people were afraid of entering the pyramids Or approaching the Abulhul .. fear of the mystery surrounding the death and death, which is rumored that led to the death of a large number of those who dared to open the tombs of the Pharaohs The myth of the Pharaohs 'curse began at the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, and the first to draw attention to them was the inscription "Death will kill anyone who tries to destroy the safety and peace of the Pharaohs' shrine." This is the phrase found on the tomb of Tutankhamun, Many of the workers who searched the cemetery began to die. This is what puzzled the scholars and the people. A...

In ancient Egypt, parents taught their children various educational principles, moral values, life and life visions; Children were receiving basic education at the heart of the family. Education in Egypt generally covered their formation and training in a particular craft. And left the raising of boys in the hands of parents, while confined to the responsibility of mothers in the development of their daughters. Education in ancient Egypt differed according to social classes. Instead, they followed the trade, craft or profession of the family; even for the highest positions and mattresses in the country. Girls from families without the upper class were learning housekeeping, singing, dancing and playing musical instruments. The farmers' sons received a lower formal education; they were limited to how to sow seeds, harvest fruits and collect crops. Artisans taught their children the principles of their character. As for the upper class, they relied on teachers who specializ...