Egypt was considered to be the most ancient country in the whole of the world. Its natural borders, represented by the first waterfall at Aswan and the desert east and west of the Nile Valley and the Mediterranean coast in the north, provided adequate protection against foreign invasion; moreover, the Egyptians themselves were not a society of invaders and conquerors. For that reason, the country did not need an army of professionals; instead, Egypt was modestly organized by a part-time army with weak armaments. However, there was compulsory military service for young people and peasants; times of crisis. In addition, a small contingent of regular soldiers was deployed throughout the country to maintain order, protect public buildings, palaces and cemeteries. Nevertheless, wars were unavoidable; they could not be avoided. This is why the images of the king were repeated as he chastised the enemies of the outsiders through the history of ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians refer

Before the invention of printing, important literary and religious works were copied manually; a work done by scribes. In ancient Egypt, scribes were trained to write, by copying excerpts from classical Egyptian works. Religious texts were buried with the ancient Egyptians; these texts included curses, supplications (prayers), rituals and guidance about the afterlife. When the number of texts became so difficult to register on the coffins, they were inscribed on papyrus and placed inside the coffins. These texts became a major industry; the clerks had to complete thousands of copies. The places where the deceased's name was placed were left blank; until the papyrus was purchased by the writer. Mistakes were made, if the writer did not understand what he was writing; or if there were more than one writer working simultaneously in copying different passages (of the same text). Copies of papyrus scrolls continued to be carried out in the Greco-Roman era; it was necessary to

• 250 thousand years BC. In prehistoric times, Egypt  • 25 thousand years BC. The first Egyptian civilization in the Upper Badari region was founded on agriculture, hunting, breeding of birds and livestock, pottery and mining. • In the year 4000 BC. Irrigation systems emerged and Egypt became small tribal kingdoms. The tribal face symbolized the white crown and the sea face, symbolizing the red crown and the unification of King Mina from the south of the two continents since 3200 BC and the capital of Memphis. And this unification made Egypt a safe country and its capital Memphis, which made it the cornerstone and the beginning of human civilization undisputed and this is evident through the many records maintained by the dry environment to be a message saved through the successive times and engraved on the walls of great Ovaldh and the writing of Papyrus papyrus. There is a precise history of the march of this nation through the times and centuries, we find, such as that written

Edfu Temple of Horus or Badfo temple is characterized by its construction and the enormity of its splendor. The temple dates back to the Ptolemaic period. The temple of Horus was built in the reign of Ptolemy III - Jorgets I (the word "jorgets" meaning "the optimist") in 237 BC. "Ptolemy XIII" in the first century BC. The only temple that remained in good condition began to be built by King Ptolemy III, but because of the war and sedition it continued to be built a full century. The temple begins with the great apse, which is 35 meters high, and on its towers Ptolemy III slaughters the enemies. An open courtyard surrounded by columns on three sides, and in the middle there was an altar to offer offerings, we then reach a hall with 12 columns representing the crowns of the plants and then enter the lobby of the columns, and then get into a region that dims the light until we reach the Holy of Holies At the last point of the temple. Edfu Temple is loc

The factors that helped the pharaonic civilization are divided into natural factors (great Nile, excellent location, climate, abundance of rocks and minerals) and human factors (positive action and continuous struggle). Natural factors Nile and its great virtue:  The Nile helped turn Egypt into a green paradise, and the Egyptians learned how to build ships, helping them to connect, exchange crops and trade.  The ancient Egyptians found the teacher and the source of the first life. They worshiped him and worshiped him in the form of a god called "Haby" and we still celebrate his "fulfillment of the Nile" every year. The ancient Egyptians left us with many historical texts that show the importance of the Nile River in their lives. And the impact of the Nile River in the life of the ancient Egyptian,  One of these texts says: "Peace be upon you, O Nile ... Who rekindles the land of Egypt and its creatures and plants. Peace be on you, O good Lord ..

The name of the Hyksos did not refer to a particular people as much as it did to a group of rulers who called them "the truth of Khasout" meaning the rulers of the wilderness. And some historians of the Greeks and the sufferers of this name called the "Hixos" translated by Maniton meaning "kings of the shepherds", and then translated by the Jewish Josephus in the sense of "prisoners and shepherds," and arrived between them and the Hebrews as a class of them, and assumed that the Prophet Joseph " Egypt in their time, and they - ie the Hebrews - went out with them after their disappearance from Egypt. Once again, the Egyptians did not refer to a particular nationality as "Khasut Khasout" (and other synonyms such as Amo), but rather to Berber, foreign and tribal in general. Indeed, the sexual origin of the Hyksos is still a problem awaiting the final solution, and the relatively accepted opinion is that the migration of the

king tut tomb (KV 62) There is no doubt that all of us  heard About king tut and his tomb why is it so that special and did we know all about its secrets ?  Tomb of Tutankhamun or Cemetery 62 according to scientific coding and is universally known as KV 62. It is the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, on the bank of the western Nile opposite the city of Luxor today. This tomb has gained worldwide fame but why that what we will try to show you in this article . king tut tomb At first we must know who was King Tutankhamun and why he got all this fame ? King Tutankhamun  ruled at the end of the 18th Dynasty in a period known as the  New Kingdom  from 1334 to 1325 BC. Although this king was not important for the short period of his reign which did not exceed 10 years due to his death at the age of 17 years . But now this king is the most famous king in ancient Egypt because his tomb in the Valley of

Ramses II is considered one of the greatest kings of ancient Egypt. He was interested in the establishment of the architectural structure and the huge buildings from the Delta to the north and the second Jandal II in the south. His reign was also full of historical events that marked his time in Egyptian history. Ramses II is the third king of the 19th Dynasty, the son of King I and Queen Tuya, who took over the throne after his father's death. He ruled 67 years ago. The text of one of the walls of the Temple of I City in Abydos stated that he had participated in his rule with his father for three years. The period was considered the beginning of his rule after the death of his father directly and sitting on the throne alone. After he took power, like the rest of the pharaohs, he obtained royal titles, the most important of which was the royal name (and the secret of Maat Stepan Ra), which means the power of Ra and Maat, and the original name is Ra Masso Mari Amun. In his r

Today we are going to talk about   pharaoh   Akhenaten  The first worshiper of one God on earth  The living spirit of Aton what did we don't know about him who he really was  what is the new discoveries about him !! his family his relations all about that we will find out here in this article   Drawing of Akhnaton Cairo Cast Akhenaten (Ikhnaton) or Amenhotep IV is a pharaoh of the eighteenth Dynasty . His father Amenhotep the Third (14171379 BC), and his mother Tey, who came from a popular environment, unlike what was known about the wives of the pharaohs who came from distinct strains. His mother-in-law is Tee, her husband the vehicle leader Aye, and his aunt, the sister of the Queen Mother, Moutnejmet. Akhenaten in his distinctive Amarna He was sentenced to 17 years by his wife Nefertiti since 1369 BC. The word Akhnaton means its beautiful with the sun disk. He attempted to unify the ancient gods of Egypt, including the god Ammon,