Egypt, Pharaonic, Grave Robber, Tomb


Sociology is concerned with institutions and the functioning of human societies, and the relationship of individuals to society; including social, psychological and economic factors. History and Anthropology sometimes fall under the category of social sciences. The study of the meeting began as a science only at the end of the nineteenth century, but scientists and writers since the ancient Egyptians had their observations and visions of civilizations and societies; The ancient Egyptians' understanding of society is based on order and prosperity; obedience to the pharaoh and the observance of "justice", justice and balance. Ancient Egyptian texts describe the social importance of rules, principles and standards and their association with class and rank. They believed that if a poor person received wealth, it would not be blessing and blessing, but a curse and evidence of a defect.

 Beginning with the era of the ancient state, the teachings and guidelines of behavior and moral conduct were inherited from the pharaohs, princes and ministers to their children, in the form of a general custom known as "the literature of wisdom." These texts basically provided advice on how to reach senior positions and prosperity. It also stimulated virtues, tranquility, humility, modesty and restraint. In the first era of transition, an era of turbulence and turbulence, the book "The teachings of King Merkara" appears to have been written by a governor who was concerned with conveying the proper course of conduct, despite his pessimism about treason and treachery among human beings. In the era of the modern state, it was usually the scribes who produced the literature of wisdom, directed at a broad public audience.

 Wisdom literature also served as a legal guide to the pharaohs in the manner in which their predecessors followed the example of similar cases. While the laws were ultimately issued by the pharaoh, the legal precedent was of particular importance to the ancient Egyptians. Manuscripts relating to judicial cases over several covenants indicate that records of proceedings (minutes of meetings) may have been reserved for long periods of time.

 The scribes documented the many facets of their society; they needed information that made them competent administrators. The clerks kept short records, accounts, certificates, inventories, legal documents, attendance data and paid wages. Other documents found include: regulations and proceedings of court hearings, records of private contracts, loans and financial arrangements between spouses, inheritance and taxes. The papyrus found inside some pyramids provides a list of priests who serve, and lists of offerings, accounts and inventories. As clerks, the scribes copied various texts, dealing with foreign vocabulary, with various varieties of commerce and religious festivals, as well as literary texts and mathematics.

 The ancient Egyptians provided only a few historical accounts. The "Palermo" stone, which dates back to the Old Kingdom period, gives a statement of the old and pre-familial kings, annual flood levels, dates of military campaigns and commercial missions, and other important events. Around the twelfth Dynasty, literary works began to appear in the praise of the kings; they were closer to propaganda than to the exact description, and glorified the achievements of the king. The Taurine Act, dating back to the modern state, provides another list of kings.

 He visited Herodotus - considered by some to be the first historian in the world of Egypt in the fifth century BC; describing the nation's geography (population distribution), Nile, and many Egyptian monuments. He also described the ethics, customs and customs of Egyptians. In the third century BC a priest named Manito wrote the history of Egypt, based on ancient records; only a few extracts of that work were found.

 The Roman scientist Strabo wrote about Egypt in his book Geography, in which he describes the Romanian government, the Roman military, Roman legislation, and the social conditions under Augustus: around 22 BC. The early Christian writers described Egyptian social beliefs and customs, especially for religion. But that was mainly as a tool to expose its falsity, not as a means to achieve a better understanding of it.

 Prominent Muslim scholars have covered many topics related to the performance of society in Egypt. Al-Maqdisi, a scholar of the tenth century, describes the population, society, food, clothing, dialects, trade, currency and political situation in Egypt among other countries. In a description intended to be a guide for traders, travelers and intellectuals; commented on the use of the Nile scale in comparison to the flood levels of previous years, and on the low prices of goods in Cairo. In the 14th century the Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun left his country for Egypt, where he spent the rest of his life. Ibn Khaldun is credited with being the first scientist to emerge systematically in a scientific theory of the social, economic, psychological and religious forces that affect societies and human history.

Tags: Sciences

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